It was the Normans and Swabians who first introduced a fondness for meat dishes to the island. [99] Today, an estimated 10million people of Sicilian origins live around the world. [17], Sicily has a wide variety of fauna. The current metro area population of Palermo in 2023 is 850,000, a 0% increase from 2022. Familiar as an ancient symbol of the region, the Triskelion is also featured on Greek coins of Syracuse, such as coins of Agathocles (317289 BC).The symbol dates back to when Sicily was part of Magna Graecia, the colonial extension of Greece beyond the Aegean. 2. A village on the Italian island of Sicily has gone viral over its unique shape. A Muslim army was then sent to the island consisting of Arabs, Berbers, Cretans, and Persians.[56]. Terracotta ceramics from the island are well known, the art of ceramics on Sicily goes back to the original ancient peoples named the Sicanians, it was then perfected during the period of Greek colonisation and is still prominent and distinct to this day. Dalla conquista normanna alla fondazione del Regnum Siciliae (10611154), Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Marchant, J.R.V, & Charles, Joseph F., (Eds. [91] According to La Repubblica, "Off they go, through the streets of Passo di Rigano, Boccadifalco, Torretta and at the same time, Brooklyn, Staten Island, [and] New Jersey. The island has a long history of producing a variety of noted cuisines and wines, to the extent that Sicily is sometimes nicknamed God's Kitchen because of this. When World War II ended, Sicily was recognized as an autonomous region in the Italian Republic. [69], Conflict between the Hohenstaufen house and the Papacy led, in 1266, to Pope Innocent IV crowning the French prince Charles, count of Anjou and Provence, as the king of both Sicily and Naples. [74], While the Austrians were concerned with the War of the Polish Succession, a Bourbon prince, Charles from Spain was able to conquer Sicily and Naples. The summit of Mount Etna is usually snow-capped from October to May. Ragusa is noted for its honey (Miele Ibleo) and chocolate (Cioccolato di Modica IGP) products. During this period, the economic and social condition of the island was generally improved due to investments in infrastructure such as motorways and airports, and thanks to the creation of industrial and commercial areas. From the major cities of Sicily, there are services to Naples, Rome and Milan; this is achieved by the trains being loaded onto ferries which cross the Strait.[132]. To the east, the Alcantara flows through the province of Messina and enters the sea at Giardini Naxos, and the Simeto, which flows into the Ionian Sea south of Catania. [48], After taking areas occupied by the Vandals in North Africa, Justinian I retook Italy as an ambitious attempt to recover the lost provinces in the West. Sicilian Culture: The Folklore, Legends & Traditions: Trinacria. It was founded by the physicist Antonino Zichichi in honour of another scientist of the island, Ettore Majorana known for the Majorana equation and Majorana fermions. Also, some of the most notable and best preserved temples and other structures of the Greek world are located in Sicily. The Hundred Horse Chestnut (Castagno dei Cento Cavalli), in Sant'Alfio, on the eastern slopes of Mount Etna, is the largest and oldest known chestnut tree in the world at 2,000 4,000 years old. [50] However, the new Ostrogoth king Totila counterattacked, moving down the Italian peninsula, plundering and conquering Sicily in 550. The Carabinieri (the military police of Italy) and sometimes the Italian army were often involved in fights against the mafia members, but their efforts were frequently useless because of the secret cooperation between the mafia and local government and also because of the weakness of the Italian judicial system. Off the southern coast of Sicily, the underwater volcano of Ferdinandea, which is part of the larger Empedocles volcano, last erupted in 1831. Cannoli (singular: cannolo), a tube-shaped shell of fried pastry dough filled with a sweet filling usually containing ricotta, is strongly associated with Sicily worldwide. [78] The conquest started at Marsala, and native Sicilians joined him in the capture of the southern Italian peninsula. In 2021, the average age of the Italian population was 45.9 years, about two years. The major cities of Sicily start with the island region's capital of Palermo which has a population of around 640,000. The Vandals found themselves in a position to threaten Sicily only 100 miles away from their North African bases. In 1950, the population of Catania was 365,352. [135] [52], The Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II moved from Constantinople to Syracuse in 660. It is characterised by the presence of the triskeles in the middle, depicting the head of Medusa and three wheat ears representing the extreme fertility of the land of Sicily. Today it is widely regarded as a definitive symbol of Sicilian heritage.[183]. The total population of the islands at the 2011 United Kingdom census was 2,203. The separatist behind the movement used a yellow and red flag with the Trinacria in the centre of it. In recent decades the wine industry has improved, new winemakers are experimenting with less-well-known native varieties, and Sicilian wines have become better known. [citation needed] Furthermore, an embargo[which?] Hot spots Average daily cases per 100,000 people in past week 10 30 50 70 100 250 Hot spotsCases per capitaTotal. [116] The best known local variety is Nero d'Avola, named for a small town not far from Syracuse; the best wines made with these grapes come from Noto, a famous old city close to Avola. The victors destroyed the Athenian army and their ships, selling most of the survivors into slavery. The Trinacria: History and Mythology | The Symbol of the Hellenic Nature of Sicily | Article by Ninni Radicini. Previously, in motorsport, Sicily held the prominent Targa Florio sports car race that took place in the Madonie Mountains, with the start-finish line in Cerda. The seven-day average is the average of a day and the previous six days of data. Muslims, Jews, Byzantine Greeks, Lombards, and Normans worked together fairly amicably. 10 November 2014. Households and population projections Decreasing population: 59.2 million as of January 1, 2021, 57.9 in 2030, 54.2 in 2050, 47.7 in 2070. Species include the European wildcat, red fox, least weasel, pine marten, roe deer,[dubious discuss] fallow deer,[18]wild boar, crested porcupine, European hedgehog, common toad, Vipera aspis, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, Eurasian hoopoe and black-winged stilt. ", Expert Travel Advice, The New York Times, 7 February 2008, "Sicily: Art and Invention between Greece and Rome", The Wonders of Sicily The Cities, Architecture, Culture, History, People, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sicily&oldid=1152561437, Commerce, hotels and restaurants, transport, services and (tele)communications, Mainland Italy: Ports connecting to the mainland are, Sicily's small surrounding islands: The port of, International connections: From Palermo and Trapani there are weekly services to, Touristic ports: Several ports along the Sicilian coast are in the service of private boats that need to moor on the island. The terrain of inland Sicily is mostly hilly and is intensively cultivated wherever possible. After the Italian unification, Sicily, along with the entire Italian peninsula, has also been strongly marked by coerced emigration. [169] Sicily's famous scientists include also Stanislao Cannizzaro (chemist), Giovanni Battista Hodierna and Niccol Cacciatore (astronomers). His mother's will had asked Pope Innocent III to undertake the guardianship of her son. Fishing is another fundamental resource for Sicily. It is located between the coast of Agrigento and the island of Pantelleria (which itself is a dormant volcano). In Catania there is another important opera house, the Teatro Massimo Bellini with 1,200 seats, which is considered one of the best European opera houses for its acoustics. In 2020, the total resident population of Italy amounted to 60.2 million. History of the Byzantine State, pp. Sicily's composers vary from Vincenzo Bellini, Sigismondo d'India, Giovanni Pacini and Alessandro Scarlatti, to contemporary composers such as Salvatore Sciarrino and Silvio Amato. It has important tuna, sardine, swordfish and European anchovy fisheries. A lower cost of living. Web. [176] Spices used include saffron, nutmeg, clove, pepper, and cinnamon, which were introduced by the Arabs. Trabia, Carlo. Today in Sicily most people are bilingual and speak both Italian and Sicilian, a distinct and historical Romance language. [71] There were revolts during the 17th century, but these were quelled with force, especially the revolts of Palermo and Messina. Mount Etna rising over suburbs of Catania. [64], The court of Roger II became the most luminous centre of culture in the Mediterranean, both from Europe and the Middle East, like the multi-ethnic Caliphate of Crdoba, then only just eclipsed. [32] The once prosperous and contented island went into sharp decline when Verres became governor of Sicily (73 to 71 BC). Catania has grown by 572 in the last year, which represents a 0.1% annual change. Mazara del Vallo is the largest fishing centre in Sicily and one of the most important in Italy.[118]. [56], The Norman Hauteville family, descendants of Vikings, appreciated and admired the rich and layered culture in which they now found themselves. [157] The earliest examples of this style in Sicily lacked individuality and were typically heavy-handed pastiches of buildings seen by Sicilian visitors to Rome, Florence, and Naples. [75] At first Sicily was able to remain as an independent kingdom under personal union, while the Bourbons ruled over both from Naples. . [45] The island remained under Roman rule until 469. [68] During the war, the Sicilians turned to Peter III of Aragon, son-in-law of the last Hohenstaufen king, for support after being rejected by the Pope. Lazio and Campania. In 70 BC noted figure Cicero condemned the misgovernment of Verres in his oration In Verrem. They lost this in 491 after making one last attempt to conquer the island from this port. In the summer, the sirocco the wind from the Sahara can be felt. [citation needed] Sicily remained a Roman province for around 700 years.[42]. [34] Greek culture significantly included Greek religion, and the settlers built many temples throughout Sicily, including several in the Valley of the Temples at Agrigento. The flag became the official public flag of the Regione Siciliana in January 2000, after the passing of an apposite regional law which advocates its use on public buildings, schools and city halls along with the national Italian flag and the European one. They brought with them Eastern Orthodoxy as well as the Greek and Arvanitika languages, once again adding onto the extensive Byzantine/Greek influence. The current population of Italy is 60,213,033 as of Monday, April 24, 2023, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. [33] The native Sicani and Sicel peoples became absorbed into the Hellenic culture with relative ease, and the area became part of Magna Graecia along with the coasts of the south of the Italian peninsula, which the Greeks had also colonised. There are also a some Evangelical Christians who live on the island. Oral tradition plays a large role in Sicilian folklore. Population and households Social security and welfare Demographic indicators - Year 2021 The resident population at 1st January 2022 was 58,983,000, -253,000 on the previous year Reference period: Year 2021 | Date of Issue: 08 April 2022 Typology: Press release Themes: Population and households Households and population projections Some of the most noted figures among writers and poets are Luigi Pirandello (Nobel laureate, 1934), Salvatore Quasimodo (Nobel laureate, 1959), Giovanni Verga (the father of the Italian Verismo), Domenico Tempio, Giovanni Meli, Luigi Capuana, Mario Rapisardi, Federico de Roberto, Leonardo Sciascia, Vitaliano Brancati, Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Elio Vittorini, Vincenzo Consolo and Andrea Camilleri (noted for his novels and short stories with the fictional character Inspector Salvo Montalbano as protagonist). About 175,000 people on the island are immigrants, mostly Romanians, Moroccans, Tunisians, and Albanians. [49] Sicily was used as a base for the Byzantines to conquer the rest of Italy, with Naples, Rome, and Milan. This is part of what makes life here so good. Even though it has never been formally disbanded, today the movement is no longer part of the politics of Sicily. Download Household Income: 2021 [PDF - <1.0 MB] Federal and state policy makers, as well as community planners often use statistics on median household income as indicators of current economic conditions within communities. Other important native varieties are: Nerello Mascalese, used to make the Etna Rosso DOC wine; Frappato, a component of the Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG wine; Moscato di Pantelleria (also known as Zibibbo), which is used to make different Pantelleria wines; Malvasia di Lipari, used for the Malvasia di Lipari DOC wine; and Catarratto, mostly used to make a white wine, Alcamo DOC. San Antonio-New Braunfels metro area population in the U.S. 2010-2021 Slave imports to the Thirteen Colonies by origin and year 1768-1772 Estimated number of deaths in the Haitian Revolution 1790-1804 Christianity first appeared in Sicily during the years following AD 200; between this time and AD 313, when Emperor Constantine the Great lifted the prohibition on Christianity, a significant number of Sicilians had become martyrs, including Agatha, Christina, Lucy, and Euplius. [failed verification] As in the rest of Italy, the official language is Italian and the primary religion is Roman Catholicism. The largest number of people lived in the Northern region of Lombardy, about one-sixth of the whole population. Whether it's housing, food, or entertainment, it is a very affordable place to live. From a geographical perspective, also forming a part of Sicily is the Maltese Archipelago, the islands home to the republic of Malta. Sicily has long been associated with the arts; many poets, writers, philosophers, intellectuals, architects and painters have roots on the island. "Sicilian Culture: The Folklore, Legends & Traditions: Trinacria." Italy has begun a population decline that is expected to shrink the population to 40.18 million by the end of the century. However, the advent of Napoleon's First French Empire saw Naples taken at the Battle of Campo Tenese and Bonapartist King of Naples was installed. [16] In Northern Sicily, there are three important forests; near Mount Etna, in the Nebrodi Mountains and in the Bosco della Ficuzza Natural Reserve near Palermo. 9 November 2014. [76], Following this, Sicily joined the Napoleonic Wars, and subsequently the British under Lord William Bentinck established a military and diplomatic presence on the island to protect against a French invasion. 2. From 1360 the threat came from the south, from North Africa to Maghreb, mainly to Barbary pirates and corsairs of Barbary Coast. Like the South of Italy and Sardinia, immigration to the island is very low compared to other regions of Italy because workers tend to head to Northern Italy instead, due to better employment and industrial opportunities. At age twelve, he dismissed Innocent's deputy regent and took over the government; at fifteen he married Constance of Aragon, and began his reclamation of the imperial crown. Many award-winning and acclaimed films of Italian cinema have been filmed in Sicily, amongst the most noted of which are: Visconti's "La Terra Trema" and "Il Gattopardo", Pietro Germi's "Divorzio all'Italiana" and "Sedotta e Abbandonata", Tornatore's "Cinema Paradiso". After the table which shows Sicily's GDP growth,[124] this table shows the sectors of the Sicilian economy in 2006: The unemployment rate stood at 21.5% in 2018 and was one of the highest in Italy and Europe.[126][127]. Italy 2020 population is estimated at 60,461,826 people at mid year according to UN data. [6] Scilly forms part of the ceremonial county of Cornwall, and some services are combined with those of Cornwall. Apr. This was the first time in which an operation against the Sicilian mafia ended with considerable success. They often perform for tourists. Part of the three Egadi islands, it continues to be the most beautiful, most popular and the most treasured amongst Italians and an increasing number of travellers looking for sunshine, dusty roads, and saltwater blues to rival any Caribbean island we've ever visited. Sicilian woodcarver George Petralia states that horses were mostly used in the city and flat plains, while donkeys or mules were more often used in rough terrain for hauling heavy loads. Sicily was given special status as an autonomous region on 15 May 1946, 18 days before the Italian institutional referendum of 1946. [40], As the Roman Republic's granary, Sicily ranked as an important province, divided into two quaestorships: Syracuse to the east and Lilybaeum to the west. [128][129][130][131] Other main roads in Sicily are the Strade Statali, such as the SS.113 that connects Trapani to Messina (via Palermo), the SS.114 Messina-Syracuse (via Catania) and the SS.115 Syracuse-Trapani (via Ragusa, Gela and Agrigento). The metro area population of Palermo in 2021 was 850,000, a 0.12% decline from 2020. 88% of the lines (1.209km) are single-track and only 169km (105mi) are double-track serving the two main routes, Messina-Palermo (Tyrrhenian) and Messina-Catania-Syracuse (Ionian), which are the main lines of this region. The last of the Hohenstaufens, Frederick II, the only son of Constance, was one of the greatest and most cultured men of the Middle Ages. According to ISTAT figures from 2017,[93] show around 175,000 immigrants out of the total 5,029,615 population;[94] Romanians with more than 50,000 make up the most immigrants, followed by Tunisians, Moroccans, Sri Lankans, Albanians, and others mostly from Eastern Europe. The history of prestige in this field can be traced back to Greek philosopher Archimedes, a Syracuse native who has gone on to become renowned as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. A noted sagra is the Sagra del Carciofo or Artichoke Festival, which is held annually in Ramacca in April. [35], Politics on the island became intertwined with those of Greece; Syracuse became desired by the Athenians who set out on the Sicilian Expedition (415413 BC) during the Peloponnesian War. A series of reforms and investments in agriculture, such as the introduction of modern irrigation systems, has made this important industry competitive. [122] The Province of Trapani is one of the largest sea salt producers in Italy. Noto, Caltagirone, Catania, Ragusa, Modica, Scicli and particularly Acireale contain some of Italy's best examples of Baroque architecture, carved in the local red sandstone. Web. By the order of inscription: Because many different cultures settled, dominated or invaded the island, Sicily has a huge variety of archaeological sites. Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature, cuisine, and architecture. There are nine provinces of Sicily, each one named after the major city within it. In the first century after the Italian unification, Sicily had one of the most negative net migration rates among the regions of Italy because of the emigration of millions of people to Northern Italy, other European countries, North America, South America and Australia. The Communists and their successors (the Democratic Party of the Left, the Democrats of the Left and the present-day Democratic Party) had never won any seats in the region until 2012. [171] Every part of Sicily has its speciality (e.g. (year 2021) Inhabitants (N.) 4,833,329: Families (N.) 2,066,148: Males (%) 48.7: Females (%) 51.3: Foreigners (%) 3.8 . [172] The savoury dishes of Sicily are viewed to be healthy, using fresh vegetables and fruits, such as tomatoes, artichokes, olives (including olive oil), citrus, apricots, aubergines, onions, beans, raisins commonly coupled with seafood, freshly caught from the surrounding coastlines, including tuna, sea bream, sea bass, cuttlefish, swordfish, sardines, and others. The population of Italy is getting older every year, becoming one of the oldest population in the world. mnaidriensis inhabited the island, with its latest records on Sicily dating to around 20,000 years ago. The plan has been criticized by environmental associations and some local Sicilians and Calabrians, concerned with its environmental impact, economical sustainability and even possible infiltrations by organized crime.[136][137]. The Greek states had begun to make peace with the Roman Republic in 262 BC,[citation needed] and the Romans sought to annex Sicily as their republic's first province. Thanks to regular growth in recent years, Sicily is the eighth largest regional economy of Italy in terms of total GDP (see List of Italian regions by GDP). No club from Sicily has ever won Serie A, but football is still deeply embedded in local culture and all over Sicily most towns have a representative team.[179]. Famous carnivals are in Acireale, Misterbianco, Regalbuto, Patern, Sciacca, Termini Imerese. The total area of the island is 25,711km2 (9,927sqmi),[9] while the Autonomous Region of Sicily (which includes smaller surrounding islands) has an area of 27,708km2 (10,698sqmi).[10]. Their plan was to help Sicily become independent and form a free republic. Sicilia[Sicily] Autonomous Region 4,906,878 4,966,386 4,968,991 5,002,904 4,802,016 Agrigento Province 466,495 476,158 448,053 446,837 412,472 Caltanissetta Province 285,829 278,275 274,035 273,099 248,699 Catania Province 1,005,577 1,035,665 1,054,778 1,078,766 1,071,914 Enna Province 190,939 186,182 177,200 173,451 154,721 Messina [185] Palermo and Corleone were the first two cities to found a confederation against the Angevin rule. Archimedes, who lived in Syracuse, helped the Carthaginians; Roman troops killed him after they invaded Syracuse in 213 BC. Their most successful result was at the 1946 general election, when MIS obtained 0.7% of national votes (8.8% of votes in Sicily), and four seats. The region has 5 million inhabitants. country comparison to the world: 223 Death rate The Strait of Messina divides it from the region of Calabria in Southern Italy. Other important rivers on the island are the Belice and Platani in the southwest. Il nuovo volto dell'Area di Sviluppo Industriale di Dittaino, La lavorazione del Sale a Trapani, Area Sale, "Tasso di disoccupazione - livello regionale", "A 29 autostrada Palermo Trapani Mazara del Vallo", Italy revives Sicily bridge plan from BBC News, "Italian MPs kill plan to bridge Sicily and mainland", "No Italian Job Takes Longer Than This Bridge", The Godfather. Renato Schifani is the current President and has served since 2022. The most important traditional event in Sicily is the carnival. These offer various local specialties, as well as typical Sicilian food. The aforementioned factors, along with a failed land reform, resulted in a never-before-seen wave of Sicilians emigrating, first to the United States between the 1880s and the 1920s, later to Northern Italy, and from the 1960s onwards also to Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, as well as Australia and South America. [87] Between 1990 and 2005, the unemployment rate fell from about 23% to 11%. [citation needed]. Sicily was invaded by the Arab forces of Caliph Uthman in 652, but the Arabs failed to make permanent gains. According to the figure, the region faced a negative trend in 2016, with the resident population decreasing by around 17.6 thousand units. The most prominent and by far the earliest of these were the Sicani, who (Thucydides writes) arrived from the Iberian Peninsula (perhaps Catalonia). On the political side notable philosophers include Gaetano Mosca and Giovanni Gentile who wrote The Doctrine of Fascism. [95][96], Sicilian emigration started shortly after the Italian unification and has not stopped ever since. Italy's southern island of Sicily is a huge 10 million square chunk of volcanic land in the Mediterranean with a population of five million. Palermo hosts the Teatro Massimo which is the largest opera house in Italy and the third largest in all of Europe. [159] Dialects related to Sicilian are also spoken in Calabria and Salento; it had a significant influence on the Maltese language. The most important is in, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 00:12. The politics of Sicily takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democracy, whereby the President of Regional Government is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. There is also a notable small minority of Eastern-rite Byzantine Catholics which has a mixed congregation of ethnic Albanians; it is operated by the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church. In August 2021, The National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology in Catania, Italy, reported that a series of about 50 small eruptions in early 2021 added . [56] He offered the rule of Sicily to Ziyadat Allah, the Aghlabid Emir of Tunisia, in return for a position as a general and a place of safety. If you meet . [65][66] Governance was by rule of law which promoted justice. A brief usurpation in Sicily by Mezezius was quickly suppressed by this emperor. These population estimates and projections come from the latest revision of the UN World Urbanization Prospects.These estimates represent the Urban agglomeration of Catania, which typically includes Catania's . The autonomous region also includes several neighbouring islands: the Aegadian Islands, the Aeolian Islands, Pantelleria and Lampedusa. For other uses, see, "Sicilia" redirects here. [175] As well as using some other cheeses, Sicily has spawned some of its own, using both cow's and sheep's milk, such as pecorino and caciocavallo. There are seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites on Sicily. [101] However, much of the Jewish community faded away when they were expelled from the island in 1492. [90] A police investigation in summer 2019 also confirmed strong links between the Palermo area Sicilian Mafia and American organized crime, particularly the Gambino crime family. Laws were issued in the language of the community to whom they were addressed in Norman Sicily, at the time when the culture was still heavily Arab and Greek. Baglio are traditional living structures in Western Sicily. The region has three important industrial districts: In Palermo there are important shipyards (such as Fincantieri), mechanical factories of famous Italian companies as Ansaldo Breda, publishing and textile industries. [83], In the 1920s, the Fascist regime began a stronger military action against the Mafia, which was led by prefect Cesare Mori, who was known as the "Iron Prefect" because of his iron-fisted campaigns. However, the movement lost all their seats following the 1948 general election and the 1951 regional election. However this situation changed as the Normans imported immigrants from Normandy, England, Lombardy, Piedmont, Provence and Campania to secure the island. For the Roman province, see, Pasquale Hamel L' invenzione del regno. He also oversaw the restoration of ancient sites at Segesta, Selinunte, Siracusa and Taormina. Various other sports that are played to some extent include volleyball, handball, and water polo. [54] In 740 Emperor Leo III the Isaurian transferred Sicily from the jurisdiction of the church of Rome to that of Constantinople, placing the island within the eastern branch of the Church. As in most Italian regions, Roman Catholicism is the predominant religious denomination in Sicily, and the church still plays an important role in the lives of most people. [25] The impact of at least two influences is clear: the European one coming from the Northwest, and the Mediterranean influence of an eastern heritage. J.B. A crusade was launched in August 1283 against Peter III and the Kingdom of Aragon by Pope Martin IV (a pope from le-de-France), but it failed. [51] Raids seeking loot continued until the mid-8th century. Anecdotes from this character's life preserve Sicilian culture as well as convey moral messages. Its linguistic and poetic heritage was later assimilated into the Florentine by Dante Alighieri, the father of modern Italian who, in his De vulgari eloquentia, claims that "In effect, this vernacular seems to deserve higher praise than the others since all the poetry written by Italians can be called Sicilian".
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